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Vicki Garvin (1915-2007) was an African-American activist. She earned a B.A. in political science from Hunter College, and later became the first African-American woman to earn a Master's degree in Economics from Smith College.〔 During World War II she worked in New York for the National War Labor Board, organizing a union and becoming its president.〔 Later she became National Research Director of the United Office and Professional Workers of America and co-chair of its Fair Employment Practices Committee.〔 In 1950 when the monthly newspaper ''Freedom'' began, she was one of its board members and contributed a report on women and work to its first issue. She helped found the National Negro Labor Council in 1951, and became a national Vice President and Executive Secretary of its New York City chapter.〔 Later she went to Ghana and there worked with W.E.B. DuBois, Shirley Graham DuBois, Alphaeus Hunton, Dorothy Hunton, and others on anti-colonialism and the African Encyclopedia.〔 She lived in Ghana with Maya Angelou and Alice Windom; they put their money together and rented a house.〔 She introduced Malcolm X to the ambassadors from China, Cuba, and Algeria she knew from teaching English at their embassies, during a visit of Malcolm to Africa.〔 She also did the interpreting for Malcolm's meeting with the Algerians.〔 In 1964 she was invited to China by the Chinese ambassador; she taught English for six years in Shanghai.〔 In China she also became close to Robert F. Williams and Mabel Williams.〔 In 1968, when Mao Tse-Tung issued a proclamation in support of the Afro-American movement, she made a speech about it to a rally of millions.〔 She later returned to America, where she served as the Director of the Tri-City Citizens' Union, and worked for four years as Area Leader for Community Interaction at the Center for Community Health Systems of the Faculty of Medicine of Columbia University.〔 She supported Sisters Against South African Apartheid/Sisters to Assist South Africa, the Committee to Eliminate Media Offensive to African People, Black Workers for Justice, and the Center for Constitutional Rights.〔 She also joined rallies in support of Mumia Abu Jamal.〔 She was survived by two stepchildren, Miranda and Lincoln Bergman.〔 She had been married to a trade union organizer, from whom she got the last name Garvin, and later to Leibel Bergman, whose daughter and two sons became her stepchildren.〔 The Vicki Garvin papers (1923-1998) are held at the New York Public Library, in the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. ==Further reading== * "'To Live and Work in Africa:' African American Women, Cold War Travels and Transnational Politics in Ghana, 1957-1963", by Dayo Gore, paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Studies Association (2006) (Vicki Garvin and others ) * "From Communist Politics to Black Power: The Visionary Politics and Transnational Solidarities of Victoria Ama Garvin" in ''Want to Start A Revolution? Radical Women In The Black Freedom Struggle'' (2009), edited by Dayo Gore, Jeanne Theoharis and Komozi Woodard * ''Radicalism at the Crossroads: African American Women Activists in the Cold War'', by Dayo Gore (Vicki Garvin and others ) (2011) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vicki Garvin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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